Orthopedics & Sports Medicine
What Causes Sciatica?
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Haute MD Editorial Team
Sciatica is caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve — the longest nerve in the body, running from the lower back through the buttock and down each leg. Most commonly caused by a herniated lumbar disc pressing on a nerve root, spinal stenosis, piriformis syndrome, or spondylolisthesis. It causes radiating pain, numbness, and/or weakness from the lower back through the buttock and leg.
Key considerations
Sciatica is caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve — the longest nerve in the body, running from the lower back through the buttock and down each leg. Most commonly caused by a herniated lumbar disc pressing on a nerve root, spinal stenosis, piriformis syndrome, or spondylolisthesis. It causes radiating pain, numbness, and/or weakness from the lower back through the buttock and leg.
When to seek physician guidance
A board-certified orthopedic specialist can evaluate your specific condition with a thorough physical examination, imaging when indicated, and a review of prior treatments. They will design a stepped care plan — typically beginning with conservative measures and escalating only when warranted by your symptoms, function, and goals.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is this most relevant for?
Adults experiencing musculoskeletal pain, injury, or dysfunction that affects daily activity, sleep, work, or sport. A physician evaluation determines whether conservative care, regenerative medicine, or surgical intervention is most appropriate for your specific case.
Is treatment covered by insurance?
Most diagnostic evaluations, physical therapy, injections, and indicated surgeries are covered by insurance when medically necessary. Some regenerative therapies (PRP, stem cell) may be considered investigational and not covered. Verify benefits with your insurer and the practice in advance.
What is the first step?
Schedule a consultation with a board-certified orthopedic specialist whose fellowship training matches your condition. Expect a detailed history, physical examination, review of imaging, and discussion of conservative options before any surgical recommendation.
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