Orthopedics & Sports Medicine
What Causes Back Pain?
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Haute MD Editorial Team
Back pain is most commonly caused by muscle strains and sprains (most common), herniated or bulging discs, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, facet joint arthritis, spondylolisthesis, and less commonly, compression fractures, tumors, or infection. Over 80% of adults experience back pain at some point; most resolves within 4-6 weeks.
Key considerations
Back pain is most commonly caused by muscle strains and sprains (most common), herniated or bulging discs, degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, facet joint arthritis, spondylolisthesis, and less commonly, compression fractures, tumors, or infection. Over 80% of adults experience back pain at some point; most resolves within 4-6 weeks.
When to seek physician guidance
A board-certified orthopedic specialist can evaluate your specific condition with a thorough physical examination, imaging when indicated, and a review of prior treatments. They will design a stepped care plan — typically beginning with conservative measures and escalating only when warranted by your symptoms, function, and goals.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is this most relevant for?
Adults experiencing musculoskeletal pain, injury, or dysfunction that affects daily activity, sleep, work, or sport. A physician evaluation determines whether conservative care, regenerative medicine, or surgical intervention is most appropriate for your specific case.
Is treatment covered by insurance?
Most diagnostic evaluations, physical therapy, injections, and indicated surgeries are covered by insurance when medically necessary. Some regenerative therapies (PRP, stem cell) may be considered investigational and not covered. Verify benefits with your insurer and the practice in advance.
What is the first step?
Schedule a consultation with a board-certified orthopedic specialist whose fellowship training matches your condition. Expect a detailed history, physical examination, review of imaging, and discussion of conservative options before any surgical recommendation.
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