Dermatology
What Causes Skin Cancer?
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Haute MD Editorial Team
Skin cancer is primarily caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight and tanning beds, which damages the DNA in skin cells. This DNA damage can cause cells to grow abnormally and uncontrollably. The three most common types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Risk factors for skin cancer
Significant risk factors include fair skin, history of sunburns, chronic sun exposure, use of indoor tanning beds, personal or family history of skin cancer, weakened immune system, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, and having many moles or atypical moles.
Types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): Most common, rarely spreads, typically appears as a pearly bump or flat scar-like lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): Second most common, can spread if untreated, appears as a scaly patch or firm bump. Melanoma: Most dangerous, arises from melanocytes, can spread rapidly.
How is skin cancer prevented?
Sun protection is the most important prevention strategy: daily broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, protective clothing, avoiding peak sun hours (10am-4pm), avoiding tanning beds, and annual dermatologist skin checks for early detection.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you get skin cancer on parts of the body that don't see sun?
Yes. Melanoma can develop anywhere on the body including the soles of the feet, under fingernails, in the mouth, and in the eyes (ocular melanoma).
What does skin cancer look like?
Look for the ABCDEs of melanoma: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, and Evolution (changing over time). BCC and SCC may appear as persistent sores, growths, or rough patches.
Is skin cancer curable?
When detected early, most skin cancers — including many melanomas — are highly curable. Advanced melanoma is more difficult to treat, though immunotherapy has significantly improved outcomes.
How often should I see a dermatologist for skin cancer screening?
Annual full-body skin exams are recommended for all adults. Those with a personal history of skin cancer, many moles, or significant sun exposure history should see a dermatologist every 6 months.
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