Longevity Medicine
How Is Biological Age Measured?
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Haute MD Editorial Team
Biological age is most accurately measured through DNA methylation clocks — epigenetic tests analyzing methylation patterns at specific genomic sites shown to change predictably with aging. A blood or saliva sample is analyzed and compared against population reference data to produce a biological age estimate. TruDiagnostic (TruAge) using GrimAge and DunedinPACE clocks is the most validated commercial test.
DNA methylation clocks
The Horvath clock (2013) was the first validated epigenetic clock. Later generations are more predictive: PhenoAge predicts disease and mortality; GrimAge is the strongest predictor of lifespan; DunedinPACE measures pace of aging — how fast you are aging right now.
Telomere length testing
Telomeres are protective caps on chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. Short telomere length is associated with accelerated aging and disease. Available through Life Length and TeloYears. Less reliable than methylation clocks due to high variability between cell types.
Functional biological age assessments
VO2 max testing provides 'cardiovascular age.' Grip strength, gait speed, and balance provide 'functional age.' Cognitive testing provides 'brain age.' Full-body MRI with AI volumetrics provides organ-specific age assessments.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I test biological age?
Most longevity physicians recommend every 12 months to track the impact of interventions. DunedinPACE can change in response to lifestyle interventions within months.
Is the TruAge test worth it?
TruDiagnostic's TruAge test uses the most validated methylation clocks. At $300-$500, it is reasonable for the information provided, particularly when tracked longitudinally.
Can biological age increase?
Yes. Chronic sleep deprivation, poor diet, sedentary behavior, high stress, and smoking all accelerate biological aging. Biological age can increase measurably with sustained negative lifestyle changes.
Is biological age testing available through a doctor?
Yes. Many longevity physicians order epigenetic age testing as part of their comprehensive assessment. Testing can also be ordered directly by consumers.
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