cosmetic-dentistry
What Are Composite Fillings?
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Haute MD Editorial Team
Composite fillings use tooth-colored resin material to restore teeth damaged by decay — providing aesthetically superior results to traditional silver (amalgam) fillings by matching the natural tooth color. Modern composite resins are durable, bond directly to tooth structure (requiring less removal of healthy tooth), and are preferred by most patients for visible teeth due to their invisible appearance. Composite is now the most commonly placed filling material in the United States.
Composite vs. amalgam fillings
Composite: tooth-colored, bonds to tooth reducing the need for mechanical retention, requires less tooth reduction, mercury-free, slightly less durable than amalgam in high-bite-force situations. Amalgam: silver-colored, more durable for very large restorations or high-stress posterior areas, less expensive, has been used safely for 150 years despite mercury concerns (the FDA considers amalgam safe for most patients).
The composite filling process
Local anesthesia is administered. Decay is removed. The tooth surface is etched and a bonding agent is applied. Composite resin is applied in layers, each cured with UV light. The restoration is shaped and polished to match the surrounding tooth anatomy.
When composite may not be the best choice
Very large restorations in high-force molar areas may be better served by amalgam, inlay/onlay, or crown. Patients with significant bruxism may experience faster composite wear. Some insurance plans cover composite at amalgam prices for posterior teeth.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are composite fillings safe?
Yes. Composite resin is a thoroughly tested, biocompatible material with an excellent safety record. Unlike amalgam, it contains no mercury.
Can amalgam fillings be replaced with composite?
Yes. Many patients choose to replace amalgam fillings with tooth-colored composite for aesthetic reasons. Replacement is a straightforward procedure, though unnecessary replacement of intact, functional amalgam fillings adds cost and removes additional healthy tooth structure.
How long do composite fillings last?
Composite fillings typically last 7-10 years with proper care — slightly less durable than amalgam in high-stress areas but continuing to improve with advances in composite resin technology.
Do composite fillings cause sensitivity?
Some sensitivity immediately after placement is common and typically resolves within days. Sensitivity that persists may indicate inadequate seal at the margin or proximity of the filling to the pulp.
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