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Infertility is a global health challenge that affects millions of couples worldwide. According to a new report published by the World Health Organization (WHO). “Around 17.5% of the adult population – roughly 1 in 6 worldwide – experience infertility.”  It’s shocking to some that prevalence rates are comparable across high-, middle-, and low-income countries; underscoring why it is crucial to understand the various medical conditions that can trigger infertility in both men and women. Haute MD expert Dr. Brian A. Levine dives into the five common causes of infertility and discusses the available options for couples struggling to conceive.

1. Ovulatory Disorders

Ovulatory disorders are a common cause of infertility in women. They include conditions that affect the frequency or regularity of ovulation, making it difficult or impossible for the woman to release a healthy egg each month. Some common ovulatory disorders include Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), pituitary abnormalities, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and luteal phase defects. Treatment options for ovulatory disorders may include medication to stimulate ovulation or lifestyle changes to improve hormonal balance.

2. Male Factor Infertility

Male factor infertility accounts for about 30-40% of all infertility cases. This type of infertility can result from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, malformed sperm, or blockages that prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Seeking the help of a urologist or a reproductive endocrinologist may provide answers and treatment options for men experiencing fertility issues.

3. Endometriosis

Endometriosis affects approximately 10-12% of women of reproductive age and is another common cause of infertility. It occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing inflammation and eventually scarring. This can lead to blocked fallopian tubes or create an inhospitable environment for conception. Treatment for endometriosis-related infertility may involve surgery, medication, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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4. Multiple Miscarriages

Having more than one miscarriage can indicate an underlying fertility issue. Recurrent pregnancy loss can be linked to chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, autoimmune disorders, or anatomical issues with the uterus or cervix. A thorough evaluation from a reproductive endocrinologist can help identify the cause of multiple miscarriages and guide the appropriate course of treatment.

5. Unexplained Infertility

In some cases, both partners undergo a range of tests, and fertility specialists are unable to pinpoint a specific cause for infertility. This can be frustrating and disheartening for couples trying to conceive. However, unexplained infertility doesn’t mean that all hope is lost. There are still various treatment options available, such as IVF, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or fertility medications.

Infertility can be a complicated and emotionally challenging journey. If you suspect you may be facing fertility struggles, it is crucial to seek a comprehensive fertility work-up and diagnosis from a specialist. Understanding the underlying causes and pursuing the appropriate course of treatment can greatly increase the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy. As with any health challenge, early intervention, education, and a supportive network can make all the difference.